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どんな目標?
気候変動はあらゆる大陸のあらゆる国に影響を及ぼすようになっています。国民経済が混乱し、生活に支障を来たすことで、人々やコミュニティー、そして国々には、現在はもちろんのこと、将来的にもさらに大きな負担がかかることになります。
人々は気候変動の深刻な影響を受けていますが、その中には天候パターンの変化、海面の上昇、異常気象の増加が含まれます。人間の活動に起因する温室効果ガスの排出は、気候変動を助長しながら、増大し続けています。排出量は現在、史上最高の水準に達しています。これに対策を講じなければ、地球の平均表面温度は21世紀中もさらに上昇を続け、上昇幅は今世紀中に摂氏3度を超えるものと見られます。世界には、これよりさらに大幅な温暖化が進む地域も出てくるでしょう。一番大きな影響を受けるのは、最貧層と最弱者層です。
各国がよりクリーンで強靭な経済を一気に達成できるような、手ごろで拡張可能な解決策は、すでに利用できる状態にあります。再生可能エネルギーその他、温室効果ガス排出量を削減し、適応への取り組みを本格化させる幅広い措置を採用する人々が増えていることで、変革は加速しています。
しかし、気候変動は国境を越えたグローバルな課題です。どこかで温室効果ガスの排出が増えれば、あらゆる場所の人々に影響が出ます。これは国際レベルで調整すべき解決策を必要とする問題であるため、開発途上国の低炭素経済への移行を支援するための国際協力が重要となってきます。
各国は2015年12月、気候変動に取り組むため、パリでグローバルな協定を採択しました。